On 4th July 2023, the 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Heads of State took place virtually.[1] The Summit, which is the top hierarchical body in the Eurasian organization, assumed significance for various reasons.
The Summit was attended by all of its full members.[2] Besides the Observers and Dialogue Partners of SCO, representatives from international organizations also participated. Turkmenistan –a Central Asian country with a neutral foreign policy – was also invited to attend.[3]
