Issue Brief on “Cyber-Enabled Sub-Conventional Warfare and India-Pakistan Stability”
Introduction
Conflict is a significant phenomenon that has drastically changed over time. One of the most prominent examples of this evolution is cyber-enabled operations, which...
Issue Brief on “The 2026 Hormuz Crisis and Pakistan’s Energy Security”
Introduction
Pakistan’s dependence on imported fuel exposes its energy system and foreign-exchange position to external shocks. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) data show petroleum-group import...
Issue Brief on “Trump at the 81st UN General Assembly: American Power, Coercive Diplomacy...
“America is back.”
“Our military is the most powerful on earth.”
“Our power is expanding.”
These opening declarations of President Donald Trump’s address to the 81st Session...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan’s First National Youth Employment Policy”
Introduction
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif formally launched Pakistan’s first National Youth Employment Policy (NYEP) on August 12, 2026, under the Prime Minister’s Youth Programme. Pakistan’s...
Issue Brief on “China-U.S. Eight Outcomes: A Framework for Managing Strategic Competition”
The China-U.S. relationship remains one of the most consequential bilateral relationships in the international system. Competition between the world's two largest economies has expanded...
Issue Brief on “Addressing Pakistan’s Climate Adaptation Deficit in the FY2026-27 Budget”
Introduction
Debt servicing, defence expenditure, pensions and limited revenue mobilisation constrain Pakistan’s investment in climate resilience. The FY2026–27 federal budget totals Rs18.771 trillion, including Rs8.054...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan at the 81st UN General Assembly: Reaffirming Diplomacy, Peace and...
“Pakistan has made its choice. We have chosen dialogue over confrontation. We have chosen cooperation over coercion. We have chosen peace over war.”
— Prime...
Issue Brief on “The Unequal Burden of Climate Change”
Introduction
Climate change is already reshaping livelihoods, public finances and development choices across the world. Floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and glacier loss affect every region,...
Special Report “Weaponising Waters: Historical, Legal, and Strategic Dimensions of IWT Suspension”
Foreword
Water has been central to the story of human civilization. From the earliest settlements along the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Yangtze, Indus and other major river...
Issue Brief on “India–UAE Relations Since 2023: From Bilateral Cooperation to a Multidimensional Partnership”
Introduction:
India and the United Arab Emirates have a long-standing relationship that has significantly diversified in recent years. Since 2023, the two countries have expanded...
