Introduction
The year 2025 brought no respite for the people of Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), who continued to suffer under Indian illegal occupation. A glance at the important events and developments in 2025 reveals that attacks on the distinct Kashmiri culture and identity continued unabated, while every conceivable effort was made by India to control and advance its narrative on the history of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute and especially, peddling the false notion of ‘peace’ and ‘normalcy’ in the post-5 August 2019 IIOJK. Economic strangulation of Kashmiris continued, whereas the human rights situation remained a major source of concern for both national and international organisations. Restoration of ‘statehood’ remained merely a talking point, with no substantial effort made by the Central government on that account. The following trends shaped the social and political dynamics of IIOJK during2025.
