The evolving global landscape, marked by intensifying multipolarity, sanctions-driven geo-economic fragmentation, and expanding regional blocs, has renewed interest in Pakistan’s potential engagement with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Since the publication of Pakistan’s earlier assessments of the EAEU in 2023[1], several geopolitical and diplomatic shifts have opened new space for Islamabad to deepen ties with Eurasian partners. These include:
- Pakistan–Armenia normalization in 2025[2], removing a long-standing diplomatic obstacle to dialogue with the EAEU;
- Deepening Pakistan–Russia and Pakistan–Belarus bilateral cooperation, especially in energy, industrial modernization, and agriculture; and
