The international system is undergoing one of the most significant transformations since the end of the Second World War. Intensifying geopolitical competition, regional conflicts, economic uncertainty, technological disruption, climate change, and emerging security challenges are reshaping the global order. At the same time, the effectiveness of multilateral institutions established in the post-war era is increasingly being questioned amid unilateral actions, protectionism, selective application of international law, and widening governance deficits.[1] Recent developments in West Asia, including the conflict involving Iran, Israel, and the United States, have once again demonstrated how regional crises can generate far-reaching global repercussions, affecting international peace and security, energy markets, global supply chains, and economic stability.[2] These developments underscore the urgent need for stronger multilateralism, preventive diplomacy, and a more representative system of global governance capable of addressing increasingly complex transnational challenges.
