Muhammad Ehsan
Research Assistant
Issue Brief on “The Dangerous Comfort of Superiority: India’s Military Modernization and Strategic Miscalculation”
India's massive military modernization over the past decade has enhanced its conventional capabilities but has also fostered a political-military culture of "strategic comfort." In this...
Issue Brief on “Nuclear Modernization or Arms Race? Reassessing Strategic Stability After the Demise...
The post-Cold War arms control has lost its binding framework. The U.S. withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 2019, and the...
Issue Brief on “The 21st Century Arms Race: Identifying Global Hotspots and Risks to...
Introduction
Global arms competition has entered a new, multi-domain phase. Over the past decade, states have increased both spending and capability modernization across nuclear, conventional...
Issue Brief on “Cross-Domain Deterrence in the Age of AI and Cyber Weapons: Credibility,...
Introduction
Deterrence means stopping aggression by threatening costs that an attacker would find unacceptable. Contemporary conflicts no longer stay only in land, sea, or air...
Issue Brief on “AI, Drone Warfare, and the Emerging Paradigm of Air Superiority”
The next air battle will be decided not just by what flies fastest or stealthiest, but by who thinks, senses, and acts fastest under...
Issue Brief on “Cyber Resilience of Nuclear Facilities: An Overlooked Element of Strategic Stability”
The modernization of nuclear weapon systems relies on complex digital infrastructure, making the system vulnerable to cyberattacks that could undermine strategic deterrence and trigger...