Issue Brief on “Bihar State Elections: Electoral Dynamics, Key Debates, Possible Outcomes”
Introduction
Bihar, the third most populous state located in eastern India, is set to witness one of most intense state elections in its political history....
Issue Brief on “RSS Chief’s 3-Day Lectures: A Changed RSS or Just a Public...
Introduction
The year 2025 marks the 100th year since the Hindu nationalist organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was founded in Nagpur, India. The centenary celebrations...
Issue Brief on “Normalization and Beyond: The Evolving Outlook of Pakistan–Armenia Relations”
Introduction
On August 31, 2025, Pakistan formally recognized Armenia through the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Armenia and Pakistan. It...
Issue Brief on “ASEAN–China–GCC Summit: Forging Trilateral Cooperation in a Multipolar World”
The first-ever ASEAN-China-GCC Summit was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 27 May 2025. Against the backdrop of U.S. protectionism, supply chain de-risking, oil...
Issue Brief on “Global Governance Initiative (GGI): Strengthening the Global Governance”
The global landscape is undergoing profound changes marked by regional conflicts, economic challenges, widening development gaps, and growing challenges to multilateralism. The processes of...
Issue Brief on “China–Central Asia Summit 2025”
Introduction
Held on June 16-18, 2025 in Astana, Kazakhstan, the China-Central Asia Summit 2025 represents a major milestone for China and Central Asian Republics...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan–Malaysia Relations: Advancing Cooperation in a Multipolar World”
Pakistan-Malaysia relations are characterized by mutual trust, respect, shared faith, cultural similarities and growing economic collaboration. The recent visit of Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz...
Issue Brief on “An Overview of U.S. Foreign Policy towards the Middle East under...
The Middle East remains a key arena for geopolitical competition and U.S. policy towards this region often reflects its major foreign policy focus. President...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA): Symbolism and Implications”
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) on September 17, 2025. While the agreement represents solidifying long-standing defence cooperation that...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan Floods 2025: Lessons for Food Security and Climate Resilience”
Introduction
In 2025, Pakistan declared both a climate emergency and an agricultural emergency after weeks of relentless monsoon rains brought widespread destruction. The monsoon, beginning...
