Issue Brief on “Cross-Domain Deterrence in the Age of AI and Cyber Weapons: Credibility,...
Introduction
Deterrence means stopping aggression by threatening costs that an attacker would find unacceptable. Contemporary conflicts no longer stay only in land, sea, or air...
Issue Brief on “Calibrated Escalation: India’s Doctrinal Evolution and the Stability–Instability Paradox”
India's reliance on tactics rooted in its Joint Land Warfare Doctrine (JLWD) reflects an alarming shift towards integrated, high-tempo operations. Rather than strengthening stability,...
Issue Brief on “Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Air Warfare”
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our lives and the way we work. It is the simulation of human intelligence that machines process to...
Issue Brief on “The Militarization of Outer Space and the Future of Arms Control”
Introduction
Outer space now underpins global security, and satellites provide vital communications, navigation, meteorology, and early-warning functions. Space-based systems are woven into military command-and-control and...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan–Saudi Arabia Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement: Continuity, Context, and Strategic Implications”
On 17 September 2025, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia further elevated their long-standing security partnership by signing a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) during the...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan–Azerbaijan Relations: Strategic Convergence and Future Prospects”
The Pakistan-Azerbaijan relations are rooted deep in history, reinforced by strong religious and cultural affinity, and powered by the notion of brotherhood beyond borders....
Issue Brief on “Ending the Gaza War? President Trump’s Multilateral Engagement with Muslim Leaders...
“One last shot” and "most important meeting" — this was how U.S. President Donald Trump framed his plan to end the war in Gaza,...
Issue Brief on “Expanding Horizons: Pakistan’s Journey into Space”
Pakistan achieved a major milestone for space exploration and development on July 31, 2025, by launching a Remote Sensing Satellite from the Xichang Satellite...
Issue Brief on “Strengthening Global South Cooperation: BRICS’ Evolution and the Case for Pakistan’s...
The Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the heads of the states of the BRICS group was held from 6 to the 7th July 2025 in...
Issue Brief on “China’s Path to Clean Energy”
China’s transition towards renewable energy is one of the most consequential economic and geopolitical shifts of the 21st century. Over the past decade, Beijing...
