Introduction
In recent years, the consequences of global climate change have become increasingly apparent, manifesting in the form of floods, cyclones, extreme temperatures, and rising sea-levels. Pakistan, despite its relatively minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, is alarmingly vulnerable to these dangerous impacts. Since 2022, Pakistan has witnessed a surge in extreme weather events, including devastating floods, heatwaves, and unprecedented summer rainfall. Ranked among the 10 most vulnerable and least prepared nation to address climate change, Pakistan is now facing a crisis that can no longer be ignored.[1]
Vulnerability of Coastal Communities
Pakistan’s coastal regions are home to over 10% of the country’s population, many of whom rely on marine life and vegetation for their livelihoods.[2] The Indus Delta, located in southern Pakistan, is one of the largest mangrove ecosystems in the world. These mangroves serve as critical breeding grounds for commercially valuable fish species, which are the primary source of income for local fishermen.[3] However, rising ocean temperatures, sea-level rise, and ocean acidification are threatening the survival of marine life, leading to a significant decline in fish populations.
