With the emergence of advanced technologies, the traditional security structures and dynamics of societal functioning and human life have evolved. The conventional geopolitical approach has been transformed into a more multifaceted phenomenon facilitating innovation, networking, and economic expansion with the help of sophisticated machines and more advanced tools and developed machines. Among these dynamics, cyberspace is now recognized as an evolving component of modern civilization. Nevertheless, despite all the potential enablers, this domain has been significantly emerged as a potential disrupter at the same time, majorly disrupted by geopolitical tensions and major power competitions that have massively affected digital infrastructure.
The digital ecosystem has become even more unstable as states prioritize more offensive cyber capabilities and further invest in indigenous technological developments. States that are less technologically proficient are susceptible to more disproportionate risks since they lack defences against sophisticated weapons and cyberattacks. This imbalance in the cyberspace domain among technologically developed and underdeveloped states has resulted in increased vulnerabilities that can pose variety of threats to global peace and security. According to the Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2025, geopolitical instability is one of the most significant cybersecurity risks, in which 65 percent of surveyed executive were expressing serious concerns regarding state-sponsored cyber activities.[1]
