Issue Brief on “Pakistan–Malaysia Relations: Advancing Cooperation in a Multipolar World”
Pakistan-Malaysia relations are characterized by mutual trust, respect, shared faith, cultural similarities and growing economic collaboration. The recent visit of Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz...
Issue Brief on “An Overview of U.S. Foreign Policy towards the Middle East under...
The Middle East remains a key arena for geopolitical competition and U.S. policy towards this region often reflects its major foreign policy focus. President...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA): Symbolism and Implications”
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) on September 17, 2025. While the agreement represents solidifying long-standing defence cooperation that...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan Floods 2025: Lessons for Food Security and Climate Resilience”
Introduction
In 2025, Pakistan declared both a climate emergency and an agricultural emergency after weeks of relentless monsoon rains brought widespread destruction. The monsoon, beginning...
Issue Brief on “Second Africa Climate Summit (ACS2): From Rhetoric to Action”
The Second Africa Climate Summit (ACS2), held from September 8 to 10, 2025, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, marked a significant milestone in the Continent’s...
Issue Brief on “Banning FAT Schools: Security Imperative or Cultural Suppression?”
Background
On August 23, 2025, the Indian illegally occupied Jammu and Kashmir government announced the takeover of 215 private schools, including 80 in Baramulla,37...
Issue Brief on “The Ashoka Emblem In Hazratbal Shrine : Another Attempt of Erasing...
In September 2025, the Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) once again found itself at the center of a storm. This time, a...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan’s Message to the World: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s Speech at...
“Our world is more complex today than ever before...”
With these words, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif opened one of the most significant addresses Pakistan...
Issue Brief on “Cross-Domain Deterrence in the Age of AI and Cyber Weapons: Credibility,...
Introduction
Deterrence means stopping aggression by threatening costs that an attacker would find unacceptable. Contemporary conflicts no longer stay only in land, sea, or air...
Issue Brief on “Calibrated Escalation: India’s Doctrinal Evolution and the Stability–Instability Paradox”
India's reliance on tactics rooted in its Joint Land Warfare Doctrine (JLWD) reflects an alarming shift towards integrated, high-tempo operations. Rather than strengthening stability,...
