Issue Brief on U.S. National Security Strategy: Message of “America First”
The U.S. National Security Strategy (NSS) released on December 4, 2025, was seen by many as an ideological and substantive shift in U.S. foreign...
Issue Brief on “Pakistan’s National AI Policy 2025: Developing AI Ecosystem and Ethical Data...
On July 30, 2025, the federal cabinet unanimously approved the National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy 2025, aimed at creating an AI ecosystem in Pakistan....
Issue Brief on “Beyond Belém: The Future of Global Climate Action After COP30”
Background
The 30th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), hosted in Belém, Brazil from November...
Issue Brief on “China-U.S. Busan Summit – An Uneasy Equilibrium”
Widely characterised as a diplomatic turning point between the world’s two largest economies, President Xi Jinping and President Donald Trump met on the sidelines...
Issue Brief on “War in Sudan: Geopolitics and Human Suffering”
The capture of Al-Fashir, the capital of North Darfur, by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on 26 October 2025 marked a significant escalation in...
Issue Brief on “Beyond the Hype: Hypersonic Weapons, Security Challenges in the Changing Strategic...
Introduction
Hypersonic missiles are often portrayed as a revolutionary “game-changing” weapon, yet experts caution that this is misleading. The physics of low-altitude, manoeuvring flight mean...
Issue Brief on “The Changing Contours of Turkiye–Iraq Relations”
Turkiye, an important power in the region, has actively maintained the growing trajectory of its influence in the Middle East, carefully balancing relationships with...
Issue Brief on “The 21st Century Arms Race: Identifying Global Hotspots and Risks to...
Introduction
Global arms competition has entered a new, multi-domain phase. Over the past decade, states have increased both spending and capability modernization across nuclear, conventional...
Issue Brief on “Gaza at a Crossroads: The Istanbul Ministerial and the Quest for...
On 3 November 2025, foreign ministers from Turkiye, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Pakistan, Indonesia and other Muslim-majority states met in Istanbul...
Issue Brief on “Autonomous Weapons in Modern Warfare: A Challenge to the Arms Control...
The emergence of modern technology has transformed the nature of warfare in unprecedented ways. Advanced tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), loitering munitions, cyber...
